| Name | Cleansing lotion |
| Synonyms | Cleansing lotion |
| Use | Uses for washing cotton, wool, silk and polyester cotton and other fabrics |
detergent development overview
detergent is a compound composed of surfactant and some organic and inorganic washing auxiliary ingredients according to a certain formula. The synthetic detergent was first prepared by sulfonation of butylnaphthalene in Germany during the First World War. On this basis, alkyl sulfate (AS), alkyl polyvinyl chloride ether (APE), secondary alkyl sulfonate (SAS), alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate (AES), α-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS) and other synthetic detergents have been widely used. Studies have found that branched alkyl compounds (ABS) in detergent are difficult to be biodegraded in natural environment. In 1965, European and American countries developed degradable linear alkyl compounds (LAS) instead (ABS). In the 1970s, due to the eutrophication of water caused by phosphorus-containing synthetic detergents, countries began to implement phosphorus restriction and phosphorus prohibition measures for detergents, and began to look for substitutes for tripolyphosphate. In the 1980s, single enzyme detergent, compound enzyme detergent and liquid enzyme detergent came into being. It has the functional advantages of strong detergency, shortening washing time, improving washing effect and prolonging fabric life. The output of synthetic detergent in the world has increased nearly 2 times from the early 1980s to the 1990s, while the output of synthetic detergent in China has increased nearly 4 times in the same period. Due to the large dust pollution of washing powder and high requirements for water hardness, liquid detergent has caused competition in domestic and foreign markets. Nowadays, liquid detergent has a large market share in the United States, and it is still increasing at a 5.3% rate every year. The output of liquid detergent in my country also accounts for 26% of the total amount of synthetic detergent. The wide application of detergent in daily life has greatly improved People's quality of life.
The detergent is widely used in various processes in the printing and dyeing industry, such as desizing and scouring of cotton cloth, degreasing and washing of wool, degreasing agent for synthetic fibers, and removing unfixed after fabric dyeing and printing Dyes, etc., make the fabric obtain high-quality cleaning rate, and can prevent staining, and keep the white background white; the detergent is also used as a dispersant, penetrant, etc; in addition, the detergent is also widely used to clean printing and dyeing equipment, printing screens and remove oil deposits on textile equipment.
commonly used are industrial detergent YR-301 (the main component is sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate), detergent 105 (compounded by fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, OP-10, ninal, etc.), etc. Polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt (weight average molecular weight 2000-1500000) also has a good washing effect. The currently developed detergents with excellent performance mainly include Deko1 SN, which is an anionic polyacrylic acid vinegar developed by BASF. It is very stable to various acids, alkalis and non-ionic additives at the common concentration of the dye solution. It has good compatibility with anionic and non-ionic additives. It can wash off some hydrolyzed dyes and be used in combination with Cyclanon E to further improve the fastness of wet, perspiration and wet scalding, it can also improve the storage stability of reactive dyes in humid climates; in addition, the Textjleolor developed Lavan RF is a low-foam post-soaping agent for reactive dye dyeing, does not contain surfactants, and is suitable for jet dyeing; American Mercury The Mercosour DG invested in the market is particularly effective for cleaning reactive dyes after dyeing, and can be used for washing to remove unreacted dyes and make them suspended in the washing solution.
classification and washing mechanism
1. anionic surfactants and their compounds commonly used in industrial anionic surfactants mainly include YR-301 (the main component is sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate), sodium polystyrene sulfonate (the weight average relative molecular mass is 2000-1500000) and Dekol SN (anionic polyacrylate). The deficiency of the detergent, which is mainly based on anionic surfactants and their compounds, is that it has only conventional washing effect and no interaction with dyes.
2. The amphoteric surfactant and its compound take the betaine-type amphoteric surfactant BS-12 and the nonionic surfactant compound as an example. The cleaning mechanism is that the amphoteric surfactant and the nonionic surfactant are mixed in the solution to form a mixed micelle. The betaine surfactant is adsorbed on the surface of the micelle so that the micelle is partially positively charged. The hydrolyzed reactive dye is negatively charged and is easy, so as to be adsorbed on the micelle to form a stable micelle.
3. bentonite modification uses bentonite as raw material, and an ecological detergent is prepared by activation and cationic surface modification as an example. The molecules of reactive dyes are relatively small and the water solubility is too large, so the dispersion force between reactive bentonite and reactive bentonite is not large enough, and the repulsion force between the anion of reactive dyes and the negative charge on the surface of reactive bentonite also hinders the adsorption of reactive bentonite to dyes. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface of the active bentonite to make it positively charged or cationic, so that there is both physical adsorption and chemical adsorption between the active bentonite and the reactive dye, and it can be obtained. Good cleaning effect.
4. polymer detergent polymer detergent mainly includes polycationic type and polyanionic type. The research of polymer detergent is mainly chitosan and its derivatives. The cleaning mechanism is to use chitosan and its derivatives and non-fixed reactive dyes to form polyelectrolyte to clean the dyes from the fabric. For polycationic compounds, it mainly uses the cations in the molecule to electrostatically combine with the anions in the reactive dye to flocculate and remove the floating color on the fabric; for polyanionic compounds, it mainly uses its macromolecules and The reactive dye matrix structure undergoes hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form a polyelectrolyte, and the anions in the polymer molecules cause electrostatic repulsion between the polyelectrolyte and the dyed fabric, this prevents the non-fixed dye from re-staining on the dyed fabric.
application
1. Application in the textile industry
1) cotton scouring
the purpose of washing raw cotton is to remove wax, pectin, protein, organic impurities and mineral oil brought in during spinning and weaving. Cotton wax is the main dirt, which makes the fiber difficult to wet. For this reason, the cleaning of raw cotton is mainly dewaxing, and the most common method is pressure cooking. This method can not only remove wax and cottonseed hull, but also hydrolyze protein, solubilize pectin and dissolve other soluble dirt.
2) wool
raw hair washing: typical hair washing processes include weak alkaline hair washing, acid hair washing, ammonium alkali hair washing and neutral hair washing. Non-ionic surfactants are superior to the washing of raw hair, because they are in a neutral molecular state or micellar state in aqueous solution, and are better for the dissolution and solubilization of oily substances. Among the non-ionic surfactants, phenol ether is the best to wash the raw hair. Its dosage is about 0.4% of the weight of the raw hair, and the fat content of the net hair can reach 0.4% ~ 0.8%.
wool re-washing: the raw wool is washed and the fat content is between 0.3% and 0.8%. In order to make the washed wool fiber suitable for the requirements of carded or worsted processing, the clean wool must be oiled (the oiling agent for carded is between 1.5% and 4%, and the oiling agent for worsted is about 0.4% to 0.6%), but the processed oiling wool must be re-washed before bleaching and dyeing to remove oil stains. After re-washing, the amount of residual fat of combed wool top is about 0.2% ~ 0.4%; The amount of residual fat of coarse wool top is about 0.5% ~ 1%. For this reason, the fat content of the top must be controlled in the re-washing process. ABS, AS, LS and lotion 209 are commonly used in China. In recent years, more sulfosuccinate series surfactants and monoethanolamide products have been developed in the world. However, due to the domestic production of such products relying on imported raw materials and high prices, they are only applied in the field of daily chemical industry. And research, not widely used in the industrial field.
billet washing: billet woven from wool needs washing before and after dyeing. Whether it is worsted fabric or woolen fabric, it needs washing. Wash the oil stains and impurities in the horse to clean the fabric and facilitate dyeing and subsequent processing. At the same time, according to the style requirements of the product and the condition of the cloth blank, the washed fabric feels soft, plump and soft. That is, washing not only lays the foundation for future processes, but also affects the quality of finished products. In the process of billet washing in China, AS and ABS are commonly used in general products. 209, LS and 803 (products of Tianjin Auxiliary Factory) are commonly used for higher-grade products.
Crunching treatment: The rolling agent requires good penetration, so that the rolling fluid can penetrate into the fabric quickly and evenly. In addition to oleic acid soap and mercerizing soap, Remibon, fatty alcohol sodium sulfate, etc. are commonly used in China. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is commonly used abroad, and its dosage is 0.1% ~ 0.6% of the fabric weight. If alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is used as a rolling agent, calcium soap and the like can be dispersed in the later washing process, and oil stains that are difficult to clean can also be removed.
3) silk scouring
raw silk reeled from cocoon is composed of silk fibroin and sericin. sericin is a protective colloid wrapped around silk fibroin and must be removed before processing. Nowadays, non-ionic surfactants are generally used, and treating raw silk with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants and a higher alcohol can significantly improve the softness of raw silk. Commonly used detergents include: soap, sodium oleoyl amino acid, pancreatic bleaching T, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, three fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether silane, etc.
2. Application of detergent dyeing and printing process
reactive dyes, vat dyes and printed fabrics still remain unfixed dyes, alkalis and electrolytes, etc. If not removed, it will affect the color light, feel and dyeing fastness of the fabric. The application of the detergent can remove the floating color of the fabric and effectively prevent the staining, so that the color light is bright and pure, the soaping fastness is improved, and the fabric feel is improved. Commonly used are industrial detergent YR-301 (the main component is sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate), detergent 105 (compounded by fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, OP-10, ninal, etc.), and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (weight average relative molecular mass is 2000~1500,000) also has good washing effect. At present, the additives used in reactive dye soap lotion include CyclanonXC-W soap lotion (newly developed by Ciba), sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), detergent LS, detergent JU, double whale 209, reducing detergent 1546 (with multivalent chelating reduction capability), sodium polystyrene sulfonate (weight average molecular weight 2000-1500000), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, fatty amine polyoxyethylene polymer compounds.
Preparation method
A method for preparing a new type of environmentally friendly high-efficiency detergent, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps: preparation of hydroxymethacrylic acid, maleic anhydride and acrylamide copolymer: a. In a 1000ml four-mouth flask equipped with a thermometer, a reflux condenser tube, and a double drop funnel, Metered maleic anhydride and water are added, heated to 50-80°C, stirred and dissolved, add 20 ~ 30% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the PH to 5.5~7.0 to obtain liquid A; B, weigh metered hydroxymethacrylic acid and ammonium persulfate, baking soda powder, dissolve in a proper amount of water, and adjust the PH to 3.5~4.5 with 20 ~ 30% sodium hydroxide solution to obtain liquid B; C, weigh the metered acrylamide, drop it into liquid a at the same time with liquid B, and control the temperature to 80~110 ℃, the dropping time is 3~6 hours, the dropping is finished, the reaction is 10~16 hours in the reflux state, and the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃ to obtain yellow viscous polymer products.
| detergent | detergent is a combination of surfactants and some organic and inorganic detergent auxiliary ingredients according to a certain formula. The synthetic detergent was first prepared by sulfonation of butyl naphthalene in Germany during World War I. On this basis, alkyl sulfate (AS), alkyl polyvinyl chloride ether (APE), secondary alkyl sulfonate (SAS), alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate (AES), α-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS) such as synthetic detergent has been a large number of applications. Studies have found that branched chain alkyl compounds (ABS) in detergent are difficult to be biodegraded in natural environment. In 1995, Europe and the United States developed degradable linear alkyl compounds (LAS) to replace (ABS). In the 70's of last century, due to the eutrophication of water caused by the synthetic detergent containing phosphorus, countries began to implement the measures of limiting phosphorus and no phosphorus in the detergent, and began to look for a substitute for tripolyphosphate. In the 80 s of last century, single enzyme detergent, compound enzyme detergent and liquid enzyme detergent came into being, with strong decontamination, shorten the washing time, The functional advantages of improving the washing effect and prolonging the life of the fabric. The world's synthetic detergent production from the early 80 s to the 90 s of the last century increased nearly 2 times, while China's synthetic detergent production in the same period increased nearly 4 times. Due to the large dust pollution of washing powder and the high requirement of water hardness, liquid detergent has caused the domestic and foreign markets to compete for development. Today, liquid detergent in the United States market share is very large, and the proportion of 5.3% per year is still increasing, China's liquid detergent production also accounted for 26% of the total synthetic detergent, the extensive application of detergent in daily life has greatly improved people's quality of life. Detergent is widely used in printing and dyeing industry processes, such as cotton Desizing and scouring, wool degreasing and washing, synthetic fiber degreasing agent, fabric dyeing and printing for removal of non-fixed dyes, so that the fabric to obtain high-quality cleaning rate, and can prevent staining, so that the white background to maintain white color; Detergent is also used as a dispersant, osmotic agent; In addition, detergent is also widely used for cleaning printing and dyeing equipment, printing screen and removal of oil deposition on textile equipment. Commonly used industrial detergent YR-301 (the main component of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate), detergent 105 (fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, OP-10, NYL and other compounds). Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate salt (weight average molecular weight of 2000-1500000) also had good washing effect. At present, the developed detergent with excellent performance mainly includes Deko1 SN anionic polyacrylic acid vinegar developed by BASF, alkali and non-ionic additives are very stable under the common concentration of dye liquor, and have good compatibility with anionic and non-ionic additives, which can wash out partially hydrolyzed dyes and be used in combination with Cyclanon E, it can further improve the wet, perspiration, wet scalding fastness, and can improve the storage stability of reactive dyes in humid climate. In addition, Lavan RF developed by Textjleolor is a low-foam Post-soaping agent for reactive dye dyeing, no surfactant, suitable for jet dyeing; Mercosour DG, which is marketed by Mercury company, USA, is particularly effective for cleaning after dyeing with reactive dyes, it may be used for washing to remove unreacted dye and to suspend it in the washing liquor. |
| classification and cleaning mechanism | 1. Anionic Surfactant and its compound commonly used industrial anionic surfactant detergent mainly includes YR-301 (the main component is sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate), Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (weight average relative molecular mass of 2000-1500000) and Dekol SN (anionic polyacrylate), etc. The deficiency of the detergent based on anionic surfactant and its compound is that it has only conventional washing effect and has no interaction with the dye. 2. Amphoteric Surfactant and its compound Betaine Amphoteric Surfactant BS-12 and nonionic surfactant compound as an example, the cleaning mechanism is that the mixed micelles are formed in the solution after the amphoteric surfactant and the nonionic surfactant are mixed, and the betaine surfactant is adsorbed on the surface of the micelles so that the micelles are partially positively charged, the hydrolyzing reactive dye is negatively charged and readily transfers from the fabric surface to an aqueous solution, thereby being adsorbed on micelles to form stable micelles. Modified bentonite bentonite as raw material, through activation, cationic surface modification of a kind of ecological detergent for example. The molecule of the reactive dye is relatively small, and the water solubility is too large, so the dispersion between the active bentonite and the active bentonite is not large enough, moreover, the repulsion between the anion of the reactive dye and the negative charge on the surface of the activated bentonite also hinders the adsorption of the dye by the activated bentonite. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface of activated bentonite to make it positively charged or cationic, so that there is both physical adsorption and chemical adsorption between activated bentonite and reactive dye, better cleaning effect can be achieved. High polymer detergent high polymer detergent mainly includes two kinds of polycationic and polyanionic. Chitosan and its derivatives are the main detergents of high polymer. The cleaning mechanism is to use chitosan and its derivatives and reactive dyes which are not fixed to form polyelectrolyte to clean the dye from the fabric. For the polycationic compounds, the cations in the molecule and the anions in the reactive dye are electrostatically combined and flocculated to remove the floating color on the fabric. For the polyanionic compounds, it is mainly the use of its macromolecules and reactive dye matrix structure of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force combined to form a polyelectrolyte, and the anion in the polymer molecule makes the electrostatic repulsion between the polyelectrolyte and the dyed fabric, this prevents re-staining of the unfixed dye onto the dyed fabric. |
| Application | 1. Application in textile industry 1) The purpose of cotton scouring and washing is to remove wax, pectin, protein, organic impurities and mineral oil brought in during spinning and weaving. Cotton wax is the main soil, which makes the fibers difficult to wet. For this reason, the purification of raw cotton is mainly dewaxing, and the most common method is pressure scouring. This method can not only remove the wax, remove the cotton seed shell, and can make the protein hydrolysis, pectin is solubilized and other soluble pollutants dissolved. (2) wool washing: typical wool washing processes include weak alkaline wool washing, acid wool washing, ammonium alkali wool washing and neutral wool washing. The nonionic surfactant is superior to the original hair washing because it is in a neutral molecular state or a micellar state in an aqueous solution, and is good for the dissolution and solubilization of oily substances. Among the non-ionic surfactants, phenol ether is the best one for the washing of the original hair, the amount of which is about 0.4% of the weight of the original hair, and the fat content of the net hair can reach 0.4%-0.8%. Wool re-wash: The original hair after washing, fat content between 0.3% ~ 0.8%. In order to make the wool fiber after washing suitable for the requirements of the coarse spinning or worsted processing, the clean wool must be oiled (oiling agent is between 1.5% and 4%, worsted fueling agent is about 0.4% ~ 0.6%), but the processed fueling wool has to be washed again before bleaching and dyeing to remove oil. After re-washing, the residual fat of the combing hair is about 0.2% ~ 0.4%; The residual fat of the thick hair is about 0.5% ~ 1%. To this end, the re-washing process must control the fat content of the wool. Domestic commonly used detergent ABS, AS, LS and lotion 209. In recent years, more Sulfosuccinate series of surfactants and monoethanolamide products have been developed internationally. However, due to the dependence of domestic production on imported raw materials, the price is relatively high, it is only applied and studied in the field of daily chemical industry, but not widely used in industrial fields. Washing of the blank: The Blank made of wool should be washed before and after dyeing. Whether it is a worsted fabric, or a coarse-woven fabric, all need to be washed. Wash the oil and impurities in the pet, so that the fabric is clean, easy to dye and processing. At the same time, according to the style requirements of the product and the situation of the fabric, the fabric after washing is soft and plump, and the gloss is soft. That is, washing not only lays the foundation for the subsequent process, but also affects the quality of the finished product. Domestic in the billet washing process, the general products commonly used AS, ABS; More advanced products commonly used 209, LS, 803 (Tianjin auxiliary products). Felting treatment: Shrinkage agent it is required to have good penetration, so that the rapid and uniform penetration of the fabric. In addition to the domestic commonly used oleic acid soap, mercerized soap, as well as remiban, fatty alcohol sodium sulfate and so on. Foreign commonly used Alkylphenol ethoxylates, the amount of 0.1% to 0.6% of the fabric weight. When Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is used as the shrinkage agent, the calcium soap and the like can be dispersed in the subsequent rinsing process, and oil stains which are difficult to clean can be removed. 3) the raw silk from the refined silk cocoon consists of silk fibroin and sericin, which is a protective colloid wrapped around silk fibroin and must be removed before processing. It is now common to use Nonionic Surfactants, and treating raw silk with a solution of a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and a higher alcohol significantly increases the softness of the raw silk. Commonly used detergent: soap, sodium oleoyl amino acid, pancreatic plus bleaching T, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, three fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether silane. 2. Detergent dyeing printing process in the application of reactive dyes and vat dyes, printing fabric is still not fixed on the residual dye, alkali agent and electrolyte, such as not removed will affect the fabric color light, feel, and color fastness. The application of detergent can remove the floating color of the fabric, and effectively prevent the staining, so that the color light is bright and pure, and the washing fastness is improved, and the hand feeling of the fabric is improved. Commonly used industrial detergent YR-301 (the main component is sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate), detergent 105 (fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, OP-10, NYL and other compounds), sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (weight average molecular weight of 2000~1500,000) also had good washing effect. At present, the adjuvants used in the reactive dye soap lotion include CyclanonXC-W soap lotion (newly developed by Ciba), sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), detergent LS, detergent JU, double cetaceans 209, reductive detergent 1546 (with polyvalent chelating reducing capacity), Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (weight average molecular weight: 2000-1500000), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, polyacrylate, polyhydroxy compound (or polyol), non-surface-active water-soluble polymer compounds. |
| preparation method | , preparation of copolymer of maleic anhydride and acrylamide: a. In a 1000ml Four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, reflux condenser, double-dropping funnel, add metered amounts of maleic anhydride and water, raise the temperature to 50~80 ℃, stir and dissolve, add 20 ~ 30% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the PH to 5.5~7.0 to obtain liquid a; B, weigh the metered amount of hydroxymethacrylic acid and ammonium persulfate, small soda ash powder, dissolved in the right amount of water, and with 20 ~ 30% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the PH to 3.5~4.5, B liquid; c, weigh the amount of acrylamide, and B liquid at the same time Dropwise added to a liquid, the temperature was controlled to 80 to 110 ° C., the dropwise addition time was 3 to 6 hours, the dropwise addition was completed, the reaction was carried out under reflux for 10 to 16 hours, and the temperature was lowered to 30 ° C. To obtain a yellow viscous polymer product. (2016-05-04)|
| Use | for washing cotton, wool, silk and polyester cotton and other fabrics |